The Truth About Supplements: What Really Works?

We may earn money or products from the companies mentioned in this post.

Did you know that 50% of American adults take dietary supplements? This number jumps to 70% for those over 65¹. The supplement industry is huge, but what do these products really do for us? Let’s look into fitness, workout, and muscle supplements to find out what’s true and what’s not.

Many people believe supplements help their health, but a big study with 450,000 people found otherwise. Multivitamins didn’t lower the risk of heart disease or cancer¹. This news might make you question the idea that supplements fix all health problems. But, some groups like pregnant women and older adults might still gain from certain supplements.

The 2020-2025 Dietary Guidelines suggest getting nutrients from food first. But many Americans don’t get enough of what they need. For example, only a few get the daily fiber they should². Supplements might help fill this gap.

But not all supplements are safe or effective. In 2022, the FDA found some bodybuilding products had steroids that harmed people’s livers³. This shows why picking supplements carefully is key. Always talk to a healthcare expert before adding them to your routine.

When dealing with supplements, it’s important to be careful. Some, like folic acid for women who might get pregnant, are helpful¹. But others might just be a waste of money. The CDC says all women of childbearing age should take 400 micrograms of folic acid daily¹. This shows how some supplements are really important for certain people.

We’ll look at different supplements like vitamin D and omega-3s in the next sections. We’ll see what they can do and what risks they might have. With this info, you’ll know better what supplements might be good for you.

Key Takeaways

• Half of American adults take supplements, but their necessity is debated.
• Multivitamins haven’t shown to reduce risks of major diseases in large studies.
• Specific groups like pregnant women may benefit from certain supplements.
• Some bodybuilding supplements have been found to contain harmful substances.
• Folic acid is recommended for women of reproductive age.
• Consult healthcare professionals before starting any supplement regimen.
• A balanced diet should be the primary source of nutrients for most people.

Understanding Dietary Supplements

Dietary supplements are a big part of many Americans’ health plans. They come in many forms, like vitamins, minerals, herbs, and fitness supplements. Let’s look into what supplements are, how common they are, and how they’re checked.

Definition and Types of Supplements

Supplements are made to add nutrients to your diet or help prevent health issues. They can be tablets, capsules, gummies, powders, drinks, or energy bars. People often take vitamins D and B12, minerals like calcium and iron, and products like glucosamine, probiotics, and fish oils⁴.

Prevalence of Supplement Use in the United States

In the U.S., many people use supplements. A recent survey showed that 85% of adults took one or more supplements in the past year⁵. The FDA says there are over 29,000 different dietary supplements out there, with about 1,000 new ones added each year⁵. This number has grown a lot since 1994, when there were only about 4,000 products⁵.

Regulatory Framework for Supplements

Supplements are regulated differently than prescription drugs. The FDA doesn’t approve supplements before they’re sold⁶. Companies must make sure their products are safe and follow the law⁶. The FDA checks on products after they’re sold, looking at how they’re made and tracking any bad reactions⁶.

Using supplements wisely is important. Always talk to a healthcare provider before starting any new supplements, especially if you have health issues or take other medicines⁴. Remember, a balanced diet is key to good health, and supplements can help support it when needed.

The Role of a Balanced Diet

A balanced diet is key to staying healthy. Eating a mix of foods gives your body the vitamins and minerals it needs. This can lower the need for supplements. Whole grains, for example, are linked to a lower risk of heart disease and cancer⁷.

Fruits and vegetables are also crucial for health. Eating more of these foods can help prevent high blood pressure, heart disease, and metabolic syndrome⁷. Supplements can help fill nutritional gaps, but they shouldn’t take the place of a healthy diet.

Protein is important, especially for older adults. It helps with weight loss and keeps bones strong⁷. While protein supplements are popular, getting protein from food is usually better.

“Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food.” – Hippocrates

Using dietary supplements is linked to eating more minerals from food⁸. This means supplement users might already eat healthier. But, supplements can’t match the benefits of whole foods.

Supplements can be helpful, but they shouldn’t replace a balanced diet. Always talk to a healthcare professional before starting any supplements, especially if you’re thinking about workout supplements.

Vitamin D: Sunshine in a Pill?

Vitamin D is key for our health, helping with bone strength and immune function. Many turn to supplements when sunlight isn’t enough.

Natural Sources of Vitamin D

Your body makes vitamin D when you’re in the sun. From May to September, 15-20 minutes of sun a day is enough⁹. But, where you live and your age can change how well you make it. People over 70 might need more sun to get enough⁹.

Here are some foods that have vitamin D:

• Wild salmon (higher in vitamin D than farmed salmon)
• Fortified foods like orange juice, milk, yogurt, and cereals
• Egg yolks

Potential Benefits and Risks

Vitamin D supplements can help those who don’t get enough. They might prevent falls in older adults and help with type 2 diabetes¹⁰. But, taking too much is bad. It’s best not to take more than 4,000 IU a day⁹.

Who Needs Vitamin D Supplements?

Not everyone needs vitamin D supplements. A study of 25,000 healthy people found no benefit from supplements for preventing fractures⁹. But, some groups might need them:

If you’re thinking about vitamin D supplements, talk to a healthcare professional. They can tell you if you really need them for your health goals.

Probiotics: Balancing Your Gut Microbiome

Your gut is filled with trillions of microorganisms that are key to your health¹¹. These microbes, known as probiotics, are good bacteria that can help your body when eaten in the right amounts¹¹.

Probiotic supplements aim to fix an imbalance of good microbes in your gut¹¹. Taking them daily can boost your health, improve immunity, lessen inflammation, and help with digestion¹¹.

When picking probiotic supplements, choose ones with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains¹¹. Make sure they are safe, contain live microbes, and can make it through your digestive system¹¹.

Natural sources of probiotics include yogurt, kefir, miso soup, kombucha, sauerkraut, kimchi, and pickles¹¹. Always check for “live and active cultures” on fermented food labels to get the most probiotic benefits¹¹.

Studies now show that what you eat greatly affects your gut microbiome¹². A diet high in fat and sugar can change your gut bacteria and genes related to carbs¹². Even healthy people eating a Western diet for a month saw changes in their gut¹².

Probiotics look promising, but we’re still learning about their effects on specific health issues¹¹. Most folks don’t need daily probiotics, but they might help if you have gut imbalance or are getting over an illness¹¹.

The Multivitamin Debate

Supplements are everywhere, and multivitamins are a top pick for many. But do you really need them? Let’s look at the good and bad of these popular supplements.

Pros and Cons of Daily Multivitamins

Multivitamins act as a safety net for your nutrition. They give you the vitamins your body needs, like A, C, D, E, K, and B vitamins¹³. But, they shouldn’t replace a healthy diet.

They’re low-risk and might prevent nutrient shortages¹³. They’re great for people on special diets, like vegans or vegetarians, who might lack B12¹³.

But, taking too much of some nutrients can be bad. Also, how well your body absorbs nutrients varies, making it hard to find the right supplement¹³.

Research Findings on Multivitamin Efficacy

Studies on multivitamins have mixed findings. Some say they can lower the risk of cancer by 8% in men who take them regularly¹⁴. Yet, many experts believe they don’t help with serious health problems like memory loss or heart disease.

Food vs. Pills: Which is Better?

Food is still the best way to get nutrients. Over 93% of U.S. adults don’t get enough vitamins D and E from food¹⁴. This fact might make supplements seem good, but experts say to get vitamins and minerals from food first.

Multivitamins aren’t a magic fix. They’re meant to add to, not take the place of, a healthy diet. If you’re thinking about adding supplements, talk to a healthcare pro to see if you really need them.

Folic Acid: Essential for Expectant Mothers

Folic acid is a key supplement for women planning to have a baby. It helps prevent serious birth defects in the brain and spine. Every year, about 3,000 pregnancies in the U.S. are affected by these defects¹⁵.

The CDC suggests taking 400 micrograms (mcg) of folic acid daily, from supplements and food. This can lower the risk of these defects by up to 70 percent¹⁵. Women at higher risk, like those with a past NTD, might need 4,000 mcg¹⁵.

Not all foods have enough folic acid. That’s why supplements are often needed. New labels help track folic acid in foods, making it easier to get enough¹⁵.

“Folic acid is a game-changer in prenatal care. It’s one of the few supplements with strong scientific backing for a specific population.”

Studies link folic acid to fewer pregnancy problems. It might help prevent premature births¹⁶. Some research also suggests it could lower the risk of cleft lip and palate¹⁵.

About half of U.S. pregnancies are unplanned¹⁵. If you’re of childbearing age, consider folic acid supplements. It’s a simple way to support your baby’s health. Boosting your immune system with proper nutrition and supplements like folic acid helps ensure a healthy pregnancy and baby.

Fiber Supplements: Filling the Gap

Fiber is key to a healthy diet, but many Americans don’t get enough. Only 5% of people in the US hit their daily fiber goals, averaging just 15 grams a day¹⁷. This is below the advised 25 grams for women and 38 grams for men¹⁷.

Dietary Sources of Fiber

There are two main types of fiber: soluble and insoluble. Soluble fiber is in legumes, oats, and some fruits. Insoluble fiber is in whole grains, wheat bran, and certain veggies¹⁷. Unripe bananas and potatoes have resistant starch, which helps with energy and lowers glucose levels¹⁷.

Benefits of Fiber Supplementation

Fiber supplements can fill the gap if you’re not getting enough from food. Research shows specific fibers meet certain health needs¹⁸. Chicory inulin, for example, helps good gut bacteria grow¹⁸. More fiber also aids in weight control for middle-aged women¹⁸.

Potential Side Effects and Precautions

Starting with fiber supplements slowly and drinking plenty of water is key. Some might feel gassy or bloated at first. Studies say isolated fibers in supplements might not work like whole food fibers¹⁷. Yet, for those having trouble with fiber, enriched foods and supplements can help¹⁷.

Don’t forget, fiber is as important as muscle supplements for your health. If you’re thinking about fiber supplements, talk to a healthcare pro to find the right choice for you. For more health and money tips, see how to pay off high-interest debt.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Fish Oil and Beyond

Omega-3 fatty acids are key in the supplement world and for fitness. They are vital for heart health and overall wellness. Fish oil is a top source, packed with EPA and DHA.

Studies show omega-3s can lower the risk of heart disease and improve heart health markers¹⁹. You can find fish oil supplements in sizes from 30 to 180 softgels, priced between $3.25 and $56.93²⁰. It’s advised to take two softgels a day with a meal.

For those who don’t eat fish, plant-based options like algae oil are becoming more popular. These supplements are a great choice for vegetarians and vegans. They provide omega-3s without the fishy taste or smell.

“Omega-3 fatty acids are essential for heart health, but it’s important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any supplement regimen.”

The American Heart Association suggests omega-3s for high triglyceride levels¹⁹. For serious health needs, taking EPA + DHA ≥ 3 g/d is suggested²¹. But, the FDA advises not to take more than 2 grams a day from supplements.

If you like eating fish, sardines are a great choice. They’re packed with nutrients like calcium, potassium, and iron²¹. These small fish also have arginine and taurine, which help keep your heart healthy.

When picking omega-3 supplements, choose ones made in GMP-compliant facilities²⁰. Even with supplements, eating a diet rich in fatty fish is still the best way to get these important nutrients.

Calcium: Building Strong Bones

Calcium is key for strong bones and good health. It’s important to know the best ways to get enough calcium.

Dietary Sources of Calcium

Your body gets calcium from food. Milk, yogurt, and cheese are great sources. For plant-based diets, try leafy greens, nuts, and fortified foods. A balanced diet plan helps you get enough calcium without supplements.

Calcium Supplements: Risks and Benefits

Supplements might seem easy, but they have risks. Women under 50 need 1,000 milligrams of calcium daily. Those over 50 should aim for 1,200 milligrams²². Supplements can increase the risk of colon polyps, kidney stones, and heart issues²². Always talk to a healthcare provider before starting supplements.

Alternative Ways to Support Bone Health

Exercise is crucial for strong bones. Activities like walking, jogging, and strength training help prevent bone loss²². Sitting for over nine hours daily increases the risk of hip fractures by 50%²². Make sure to move every day to keep your bones healthy.

Taking calcium with meals helps your body absorb it better, especially in doses of 500 mg or less²³. If you choose supplements, pick ones tested by trusted groups like USP or NSF International²³. A diet rich in calcium and regular exercise are great ways to support strong bones without relying on supplements.

Glucosamine and Chondroitin: Joint Health Boosters?

Glucosamine and chondroitin are well-known supplements for joint health. They are found naturally in cartilage and are believed to help with arthritis pain and support joint function. Studies on their effectiveness have given mixed results, but many people find them helpful.

Glucosamine sulfate may help with knee osteoarthritis pain and slow down joint damage²⁴. It helps build connective tissue between joints, keeping them well-lubricated and preventing cartilage from breaking down²⁵. Chondroitin, which comes from shark or cow cartilage, works with glucosamine to cushion joints and stop bones from rubbing together²⁵.

Even though these supplements look promising, be careful with them. The FDA hasn’t approved glucosamine and chondroitin for medical use, and their quality and strength can vary²⁶. Always talk to your healthcare provider before starting new supplements, especially if you have health issues or take other medicines.

Potential Benefits and Side Effects

Glucosamine and chondroitin could offer several benefits:

• Less arthritis pain
• Better joint mobility
• Help with muscle recovery

But, these supplements might also cause side effects like nausea, diarrhea, and heartburn²⁵²⁴. Remember, you might not see results for a few weeks²⁶.

Before adding these supplements to your routine, talk to a healthcare professional. They can help decide if glucosamine and chondroitin are good for you. They can also guide you on the right dosage and any possible interactions with other medicines or health conditions.

Vitamin C: More Than Just Immune Support

Vitamin C is more than just a boost for your immune system. It’s a key nutrient for many body functions. Fitness lovers often choose it as a supplement.

Natural Sources of Vitamin C

You can get vitamin C from many fruits and veggies. Citrus fruits, berries, and bell peppers are great options. Adults need 90 milligrams a day, but most get enough from food²⁷.

On average, adults eat enough to meet their vitamin C needs²⁸. This shows a balanced diet can help you get what you need.

Vitamin C Supplementation: Myths and Facts

Many people take vitamin C supplements, but they’re not always needed. Taking them won’t stop the common cold. They might slightly reduce its length or severity²⁷.

High doses can cause side effects like nausea and diarrhea²⁷. Taking too much vitamin C isn’t good for you.

At doses over 1 g/day, your body absorbs less than half of it. The rest is lost in urine²⁸. So, taking a lot of vitamin C won’t help your health much.

Potential Benefits Beyond Immunity

Vitamin C does more than fight off illness. It helps keep your skin healthy by making collagen and protecting against sun damage²⁹. It also boosts energy and overall health²⁹.

For those into fitness, vitamin C is key for joint and muscle health. But, eating a diet full of fruits and veggies usually gives you enough without supplements.

Always talk to a doctor before starting new supplements, especially if you’re on other medications. Vitamin C can affect how those drugs work²⁷.

Melatonin: The Sleep Supplement

Melatonin is a hormone that helps control sleep cycles. By 2012, about 3 million Americans were using melatonin supplements³⁰. This hormone is made in the brain, with levels going up at night and down during the day³¹.

Studies show that melatonin supplements can help people with insomnia fall asleep faster. They work best for those with delayed sleep phase syndrome³⁰. Melatonin has also helped improve sleep in blind adults and kids³¹.

Experts say to take 1 to 3 milligrams of melatonin two hours before bed³⁰. It’s safe for short-term use, unlike many sleep drugs³². Most people can take it every night for a few months without problems³⁰.

Potential Benefits and Side Effects

Melatonin can help with jet lag and reduce evening confusion in Alzheimer’s patients³¹. Common side effects include headaches, dizziness, nausea, and feeling sleepy during the day³¹³². Rarely, people might have vivid dreams, feel short-term depression, or get irritable³².

Always talk to a healthcare provider before taking melatonin, especially if you have health issues or take other meds³². Remember, melatonin should be part of a healthy lifestyle, including good food, exercise, and sleep habits³².

Magnesium: The Overlooked Mineral

Magnesium is key for over 300 body reactions³³. It helps with energy, heart health, and muscles. Yet, many Americans don’t get enough from food³⁴³³.

Your body has about 25 g of magnesium, mostly in bones and tissues³⁴. Supplements can help those who lack this mineral. This is especially true for heavy drinkers, those with diarrhea, or users of certain medications³⁵.

Boosting magnesium through food or supplements is good for health. It can cut stroke risk by 41% and boost memory³³. It also helps control blood pressure and keeps blood vessels healthy³³.

For muscle supplements, magnesium is a must. Low levels cause muscle spasms and affect muscle work³⁵. Athletes and fitness lovers need it for top performance and recovery.

Thinking of adding magnesium supplements? Talk to a doctor about the right kind and amount for you. Supplements should back up a diet full of magnesium-rich foods like nuts, seeds, whole grains, and greens. Eating right and practicing mindfulness boosts your health and focus.

Keeping an eye on magnesium intake is key to supporting your body and lowering health risks³³.

Supplements for Specific Health Concerns

A balanced diet is crucial, but some supplements can help with specific health issues. Let’s look at a few popular options that might be good with your fitness supplements.

CoQ10 for Heart Health and Migraines

CoQ10 is a compound your body makes naturally. It might help with heart health and migraines. But, we need more studies to be sure it works³⁶.

Turmeric for Inflammation

Turmeric is a golden spice that’s becoming popular as an anti-inflammatory. Its active part, curcumin, could lessen inflammation in your body. If you often deal with inflammation, think about adding turmeric to your diet or taking it as a supplement.

Vitamin B12 for Energy and Nervous System Health

Vitamin B12 is key for making energy and keeping the nervous system healthy. It’s vital for vegetarians, vegans, older people, and those with digestive problems. If you’re in these groups, a B12 supplement might help³⁷.

Remember, these supplements aren’t magic solutions. Always talk to your healthcare provider before starting any new supplements, especially if you’re on other medications. Supplements can affect how drugs work and may cause side effects³⁸.

When picking supplements, look for ones with the USP Verified Mark. This means the supplement has been tested for quality, purity, and strength. It’s a good way to know you’re getting what the label says³⁸.

Conclusion

Remember, a balanced diet is key to good health. Supplements can help, but they’re not a magic fix. About 50% of Americans use dietary supplements, with multivitamins being the top choice³⁹.

Workout and muscle supplements might look appealing, but their benefits vary. It’s important to know that most supplement users are older and often have health issues³⁹. This doesn’t mean supplements cause these problems, but it shows the need to choose supplements wisely based on your health.

Before starting any supplements, talk to a healthcare professional. They can tell you if you really need them, considering your diet, lifestyle, and health. Since the FDA doesn’t check supplements as closely as medicines, it’s smart to research them. Your health is too important to risk.

Source Links

1. Is There Really Any Benefit to Multivitamins? – https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/is-there-really-any-benefit-to-multivitamins
2. What You Should Know About Supplements – https://www.webmd.com/vitamins-and-supplements/ss/slideshow-supplements-myths-facts
3. The truth about supplements for athletes and whether you should be using them – https://health.ucdavis.edu/blog/cultivating-health/the-truth-about-supplements-for-athletes-and-whether-you-should-be-using-them/2023/05
4. Office of Dietary Supplements – Dietary Supplements: What You Need to Know – https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/WYNTK-Consumer/
5. Introduction and Background – Dietary Supplements – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK216048/
6. FDA 101: Dietary Supplements – https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/fda-101-dietary-supplements
7. Defining a Healthy Diet: Evidence for the Role of Contemporary Dietary Patterns in Health and Disease – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7071223/
8. The balance between food and dietary supplements in the general population – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6366563/
9. What’s the Deal with Vitamin D? – https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/whats-deal-vitamin-d
10. VITAMIN D: Overview, Uses, Side Effects, Precautions, Interactions, Dosing and Reviews – https://www.webmd.com/vitamins/ai/ingredientmono-929/vitamin-d
11. What Are Probiotics & What Do They Do? – https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/14598-probiotics
12. Effects of probiotics on gut microbiota: mechanisms of intestinal immunomodulation and neuromodulation – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3539293/
13. The never-ending vitamin debate: Do multivitamins work? – https://www.nutritionaloutlook.com/view/the-never-ending-vitamin-debate-do-multivitamins-work
14. The vitamin debate | College of Science | Oregon State University – https://science.oregonstate.edu/IMPACT/2014/05/the-vitamin-debate
15. Folic acid – https://www.marchofdimes.org/find-support/topics/pregnancy/folic-acid
16. Folic Acid Supplementation and Pregnancy: More Than Just Neural Tube Defect Prevention – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3218540/
17. Fill in the Fiber Gaps — Dietitians Offer Practical Strategies to Get Clients to Meet the Daily Requirements – https://www.todaysdietitian.com/newarchives/040212p40.shtml
18. Evidence-Based Approach to Fiber Supplements and Clinically Meaningful Health Benefits, Part 2: What to Look for and How to Recommend an Effective Fiber Therapy – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4415970/
19. Beyond Fish Oil Supplementation: The Effects of Alternative Plant Sources of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids upon Lipid Indexes and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers—An Overview – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7602731/
20. Viva Naturals Triple-Strength Fish Oil Omega 3 Supplement – https://vivanaturals.com/products/fish-oil?srsltid=AfmBOopYBxatPS5v6Mv5LKwkfj4Uxl-uphzvCZSM8m-Mfe8Z5t9ScnwN
21. Frontiers | Eating more sardines instead of fish oil supplementation: Beyond omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, a matrix of nutrients with cardiovascular benefits – https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/nutrition/articles/10.3389/fnut.2023.1107475/full
22. Calcium Supplements: Should You Take Them? – https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/calcium-supplements-should-you-take-them
23. Are you getting enough calcium? – https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/calcium-supplements/art-20047097
24. Glucosamine – https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-glucosamine/art-20362874
25. Glucosamine (MSM Supplement) – CVS Pharmacy – https://www.cvs.com/shop/vitamins/supplements/glucosamine
26. Glucosamine Chondroitin Supplement: Uses & Side Effects – https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/drugs/19075-glucosamine-chondroitin-capsules-or-tablets
27. Vitamin C – https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-vitamin-c/art-20363932
28. Office of Dietary Supplements – Vitamin C – https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/VitaminC-HealthProfessional/
29. Vitamin C and Immune Function – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5707683/
30. Melatonin for Sleep: Does It Work? – https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/wellness-and-prevention/melatonin-for-sleep-does-it-work
31. Melatonin – https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements-melatonin/art-20363071
32. Pros and cons of melatonin – https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/adult-health/expert-answers/melatonin-side-effects/faq-20057874
33. Magnesium: The Overlooked Mineral – https://www.lifeextension.com/magazine/2019/1/magnesium-the-overlooked-mineral?srsltid=AfmBOop20SDu5iYbSnkdMl_5RgObXNU3FvYVGk3yIW-8Mdul0vwPAzsH
34. Office of Dietary Supplements – Magnesium – https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Magnesium-HealthProfessional/
35. Magnesium: The Often Forgotten Mineral – https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/health/magnesium
36. Should You Take Dietary Supplements? – https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2013/08/should-you-take-dietary-supplements
37. What Are Dietary Suppliments? – https://www.healthline.com/health/nutrition/dietary-supplements
38. What supplements do you need? Probably none. – https://www.cuimc.columbia.edu/news/what-supplements-do-you-need-probably-none
39. Experts take issue with researchers’ conclusion that supplements don’t prevent death – https://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Article/2019/04/10/Experts-take-issue-with-researchers-conclusion-that-supplements-don-t-prevent-death